Sand casting is a traditional metal casting process that utilizes sand molds to manufacture metal castings. This technique finds widespread application in the manufacturing industry, encompassing various application areas ranging from small components to large mechanical parts.
The sand casting process begins with preparing the mold. The mold consists of two parts: the core and the cavity. The core shapes the inner contour of the casting, while the cavity forms the outer shape.
Typically, molds are made up of two or more sections, placed within a flask. The core is positioned within one section of the flask, while the cavity is formed by the cooperation of both sections.
Special sand, often silica sand, is used to fill the cavity and core to create the casting's voids. Before filling with sand, a lubricant is often applied to the cavity to ensure easy removal of the casting.
Once the mold is ready, metal is melted and poured into the cavity. The temperature and flow characteristics of the poured metal depend on the properties of the material being cast and the requirements of the casting.
After metal fills the cavity and core, it gradually cools and solidifies. This process takes time to ensure that the metal inside the casting is fully solidified and attains the desired hardness and strength.
When the casting is fully solidified, the mold is opened, and the casting is removed. Subsequently, the casting undergoes a series of cleaning and finishing processes to remove mold residues and surface imperfections.
Sand casting finds extensive applications across various industries, including but not limited to:
Automotive industry: Engine components, brake system parts, transmission system components, etc.
Aerospace Industry: Engine parts, aircraft structural components, etc.
Agricultural Machinery: Tractor parts, agricultural machinery components, etc.
Construction and Infrastructure: Pump bodies, pipe fittings, valves, etc.
Marine and Offshore Engineering: Ship components, marine structural parts, etc.
In summary, sand casting is an economical and flexible casting process used to produce metal castings of various sizes and shapes. Its wide application across manufacturing industries makes it an important production method, capable of meeting the needs of diverse industries while delivering high-quality castings.
